10.1 This practice is applicable where the membrane system and water source will allow the monitoring of TOC both upstream and downstream of the system, and at least order of magnitude difference from the feed can be measured in the permeate (product) water. See D4839.

16.1 This guide is applicable to RO and NF membrane systems, including those with spiral, tubular or flat sheet configuration elements. The guide describes the application of two soluble dyes, Red Dye # 40 and Rhodamine WT. Both dyes have a molecular weight of approximately 500. See Practice D3923.

22.1 This guide is applicable to MF, UF, NF, and RO membrane systems, including those with spiral, tubular or flat sheet configuration elements. The feedwater must have a particulate concentration that is at least an order of magnitude in higher concentration than that which is detected in the filtrate or permeate stream. This practice is applicable for those membrane systems and that will allow for the monitoring of the water source and in the filtrate or permeate stream as it exists a membrane module.

22.2 For turbidity techniques, the feedwater should have a turbidity of at least 0.5 NTU (500 mNTU) and for particle counting techniques, the feedwater should have a count concentration of at least 1 particle per mL greater than the defined size threshold that is being applied.

22.3 This practice provides for the use of two different laser based particulate detection technologies: optical particle counting (light obscuration designs) and laser turbidity (light scattering). ^, Liquid or sensor multiplexing with either of these two technologies is possible and can increase sensitivity and facilitate defect identification.

22.4 This method provides for the continuous monitoring of each sample point. Flow through the sample point (that is, the sensor) is continuous, and the measurement frequency is at least every 15-min during filtration.